Actuarial Malpractice Essay -- Actuary

Actuarial Malpractice Statisticians are perceived for utilizing science in specific manners to appraise the budgetary commitments of an organization. These approximations straightforwardly influence the company’s money related circumstance and viewpoint for the year. As some other expert occupation, guidelines must be followed to guarantee the legitimacy of the work being finished. Dangers of misbehavior may emerge if actuarial standards are not followed cautiously. Actuarial misbehavior has become a rising worry in holding statisticians at risk for their work, where in earlier years it was unfathomable. For most experts, assignments must be procured through a progression of preparing and tutoring. In the United States, actuarial competitors have the chance to be a piece of the accompanying associations: the Society of Actuaries, the Casualty Actuarial Society, the Conference of Actuaries in Public Practice, and the American Academy of Actuaries. Every one of these social orders has explicit necessities in the domain of finishing tests and accomplishing work involvement with the actuarial field. As indicated by William Hager in The Emerging ...

Maintenance of Capital Doctrine

Question: Talk about the Maintenance of Capital Doctrine. Answer: Presentation: The idea of upkeep of capital is a component of the organization law which directs the measure of capital that ought to be held. For example, any organization must hold and not go underneath its capital. The purpose for this is the obligation of the partners ought not be undermined on the off chance that the organization is confronted with chapter 11 issues. Along these lines the precept was intended to protect the congruity of the business just as to cook for the enthusiasm of the leasers. Leasers assume a pivotal job in the achievement of any business since they offer credit to the organizations which is repaid with intrigue. (Priest, 2009) From the above presentation, we may characteristic the starting point of the capital upkeep teaching to two fronts. One of them is the enthusiasm of the leasers as referenced previously. Also, the advantages factor ought to be thought of and the way where they can be scattered prompts the root of the tenet. (Ranganathan, 2013). The legal ramifications in the issue give the connection between the two fronts, in that the court upholds the law for an organization to hold a given measure of capital which will support lenders in future. If an organization can't pay obligations out of its speculation restores, the banks would utilize this tenet to guarantee their levy in that the capital stores would be utilized to clear the obligations. Consequently, organizations are restricted from taking care of the investor commitment and rather deliver profits from the benefits that have been collected. (Spillane, 2010) The capital support precept has been created after some time utilizing case priority and enactment. Researchers over the world, for instance Jessel M.R of England are credited for planning this precept. His decision in the Flitcrofts case was a land mark step. Other momentous researchers included Trevor and Whitworth who refered to a case whereby an organization repossessed part its offers from the investors against the organization law. (Spillane, 2010). After the exchange, one of the investors asserted greater installment from the organization and he had his direction. The courts translation was that no organization was permitted to purchase its offers since that added up to decrease of capital. Moreover, the court proceeded to presume that loan bosses must be thought of while ending up an organization. Thusly, this structures the main occasion under which an organization can discount the money to the investors. (Ranganathan, 2013) In contrast to different economies, the Australian government has gone in a new direction with respect to the issue of the capital upkeep precept. There are no exacting measures concerning the measure of cash-flow to be held by an organization. Because of these liberal belief systems, Australian officials have presented contentions that verge on different issues that ought to be tended to first. They consider this principle as severe and feel that inquiries of organization dissolvability and disclosure of some material data ought to be profited to the investors. The last sentiment about the Australian law is that they ought to consider consolidating the precept in their laws in light of the fact that the nation foresees numerous financial specialists who originate from different pieces of the world and would require the sort of insurance that the regulation offers. (McChesney, 2012) References McChesney W.A (2012). The New Generation of Risk Management for Hedge Funds and Private Equity Investments. Cengage Learning. Boston, Massachusetts Priest, E.W. (2009). Imposing business model Finance Capital and the Paradox of Accumulation. John Wiley and Sons Ranganathan, C.I. (2013). System for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. Cambridge University Press, New York Spillane, J.B. (2010). Types of Capital and the Construction of Leadership. European Operational Research

Black Lives Matter Research Essay Samples

Black Lives Matter Research Essay SamplesBlack Lives Matter research essay samples are the perfect way to get your student writing a powerful response to an op-ed piece. An essay is the best medium for students to learn about the importance of human rights. The black lives matter research essay sample is designed to give a student an opportunity to investigate the subject and understand what the article means to them. This is also a great way to give students something to write about when they are taking part in essay writing practice.Black Lives Matter research essay samples can be found online at numerous websites that offer a wide variety of information. Some of the things you might find online include; resources for researching the topic, ways to share their views with others, ways to encourage further investigation, and ways to make your student a more eloquent and engaging writer. For the best Black Lives Matter research essay samples, try to find something that is completely f ree of charge. You may also want to try a few different sites and see which ones have the best content available for free.If you decide to spend some time looking around for the best Black Lives Matter research essay samples you should be able to find them quickly and easily. Some websites will provide several different resources for free while others require a fee. For those resources that do not require a fee you may be able to get additional information such as how to create articles for use in essay writing practice and other teaching resources.Many sites also provide several different essays that can be used for Black Lives Matter research essay samples. There are some sources that provide essay examples that have been edited for usage in essay writing practice and the black lives matter research essay sample is no exception.The black lives matter research essay sample will be written for college level English classes and is intended to show you the way a student can write an a rticle about a controversial topic without trying to sell themselves. The essay is meant to be written from the perspective of a group that is fighting for racial equality. The essay will tell the reader why they are taking part in the protests.The following examples from Black Lives Matter research essay samples will be helpful for students to read and then use in their own essay writing projects. 'Mountain Dew and Time: Drugs in Black and White America' is written from the perspective of African Americans who use drugs. It is important to remember that these are from the perspective of African Americans and there are other races out there that take drugs too. If you are teaching students about a topic that is not specific to a certain race you may want to consider this example as a way to help students to think outside of the box when writing their own essay.'Beyond Black and White' are the Black Lives Matter research essay sample that addresses the issue of policing in the black community. It is meant to help students to realize that even though people of other races are affected by crime there are different causes of crime that affect different races. When students see these types of examples they can better understand what their own communities have to deal with.Research essay samples that are intended for students to read are essential in any course. These essay samples from Black Lives Matter research essay samples show the writers the best way to present their opinions so that students can read it and fully understand it. Many different types of essay writing practices are available online, including essay writing practice and essay assistance, but students can gain an excellent amount of knowledge if they take the time to look around at some of the free resources available online.

Unit 1 KEY QUESTIONS Essay - 2265 Words

Unit 1 KEY QUESTIONS 1. what was the original purpose of Darwin’s voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle, and what was the ultimate significance of the Voyage? The original purpose of Darwin’s voyage was to learn and discover more about biology and to gain insight on plant and animal species. The stated intent of the voyage was to obtain evidence that supported the biblical theory of creation as well as chart poorly known parts of the South American coastline. 2. Why does the Antibiotic resistance problem represent an example of evolution? The antibiotic problem is a perfect example of evolution because it shows how species have adapted and evolved based on their environment. It shows how bacteria can adjust and either thrive or die when faced†¦show more content†¦This helped Darwin realize how all species could have shared ancestors. Lastly is artificial selection, which was one of the main pieces of evidence that Darwin used to identify his theory on evolution. Darwin studied and showed how the selective breeding of crops and animals led to highly specialized varieties with unique traits. By studying this he was able to see first hand how evolution can occur by artificial selection. An example would be the Great Dane. Thousands of years ago, the Great Dane was a medium sized breed, but due to artificial selection, humans were able to create a large breed of Great Dane. 6. Imagine you are a farmer researching the impact of GMFs. What is one advantage and one disadvantage that would be relevant to your work? Explain each. GMFs is a very controversial topic and can be argued both ways, good and bad. If I were a farmer, one of my advantages would be cold tolerance. Due to our ever-changing climate it is becoming increasingly hard to produce a consistent and healthy crop. Though scientists have introduced a gene form cold water fish, that helps prevent freezing and makes crops resistant to cold spells. This would be a great advantage for farmers to ensure that they can produce a healthy crop, no matter what climate types may be thrown their way. Though a disadvantage of GMFs would be allergenicity. If I were a farmer and used GMFs toShow MoreRelatedKey Question Unit 1. 1)For The Increasing Of Current Funding1178 Words   |  5 Pages Key question Unit 1 1) For the increasing of current funding for atomic-structure researches: Within the last hundred years, the atomic model gone through dramatic changes allowing to apply the knowledge of matter understanding at atomic level into different industries like medicine such as MRI and X-Ray. This knowledge allowed doctors to treat, diagnose and certainly save millions of people throughout the years, which could not have been done without research being done on the structure of theRead MoreUnit 1 Lesson 1 Key Question Biology SBI4U Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Unit 1 Lesson 1 Key Question Biology SBI4U-C ILC 1) Mg2+ Has 10 electrons. 2) Carbon -14 would not be effective at dating bones that are millions of years old. Carbon -14 is effective at dating to a maximum of 40 000 to 50 000 years old. The isotope decays over time and would not be present on bones that are millions of years old. 3) Hydrolysis - Water used to breakdown molecules. Hydro means water and lysis means to breakdown. An example of hydrolysis in action within our bodies is how ourRead MoreUNIT 1 Key Questions 1 2 3 4 5 Essay1220 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Key Questions Unit 1 Lesson 1 1. a) (2x3)(-7x5)= -14x8 b) -45x5y7z9/9x7y7z5= -5z4/x2 c) (-5x4)3= (-53)(x12)= -125x12 d) (3x4y5z7)5/(-3x3yz4)7=243y18z7/-2187x= y18z7/-9x e) (xa+b)a-b/(xa-2b)a+2b= (xa^2-b^2)/(xa^2-4b^2)= x3b^2 2. a)6-2= 1/62=1/36 b)253/2=(2√25)3=53=125 c) -85/3=(3√-8)5= (-2)5= -32 d) 625(-3/4)=1/(4√625)3=1/53= 1/125 3. a) 93x272x813= (32)3x(33)2x(34)3= 36x36x312= 324 b) 57x253/1254= (57x(52)3)/(53)4= 57x56/512=513/512= 5 4. 5. To find the equation of theRead MoreQrb 501 Week 1 Assessment Questions1374 Words   |  6 PagesWeek 1 Assesment Questions Tamara Powell March 8, 2010 QRB 501 Prof. David Ferguson Complete the following order of operations questions: Chapter 7 12. Key Question The following table shows nominal GDP and an appropriate price index for a group of selected years. Compute real GDP. Indicate in each calculation whether you are inflating or deflating the nominal GDP data 527.4/22.19 = 23.767 911.5/26.29 = 34.67 2295.9/48.22 = 47.61 4742.5/80.22 = 59.12 8790.2/103.22 = 85Read MoreNt2520 Unit 3 Assignment 1 Essay618 Words   |  3 PagesUnit 3 Assignment 1: Homework Learning Objectives and Outcomes Use the database modeling template in MS Visio. Create entities and add attributes of a database. Define relationship between entities of a database. Create many-to-many relationships with a linking table. Assignment Requirements Answer the following True or False questions on the student answer sheet. Required Resources Textbook Submission Requirements Submit your written answers to your instructor at the beginningRead MoreAmu Scin138 Lab 9 Essay1572 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment List Part 1 of 1 - 100.0/ 100.0 Points Question 1 of 31 3.0/ 3.0 Points Questions 1 through 3 are based on the Lab Exercise, Step 2. Record your answer to Lab Exercise, Step 2, Question 11. How long ago was the igneous rock in rock unit B formed? A. 352 mya B. 380 mya C. 704 mya D. 1408 mya Answer Key: A Question 2 of 31 3.0/ 3.0 Points Record your answer to Lab Exercise, Step 2, Question 12. How long ago wasRead MoreQbr 501 Wk1 Order of Operations and Dependent and Independent Variables1090 Words   |  5 PagesEx-12. Key Question The following table shows nominal GDP and an appropriate price index for a group of selected years. Compute real GDP. Indicate in each calculation whether you are inflating or deflating the nominal GDP data. CH-8.Ex-2. Key Question Suppose an economy’s real GDP is $30,000 in year 1 and $31,200 in year 2. What is the growth rate of its real GDP? Assume that population is 100 in year 1 and 102 in year 2. What is the growth rate of GDP per capita? CH-8.EX-11. Key QuestionRead MoreQuestion 1 of 30 10 10 Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Question 1 of 30 1.0/ 1.0 Points Convert the following using dimensional analysis. 93 inches to feet A.1116 ft B.1106 ft C.7.9 ft Correct D.7 3/4 ft Answer Key: D Part 2 of 30 - Unit 4 Q2 1.0/ 1.0 Points Question 2 of 30 1.0/ 1.0 Points Convert the following measurement to the specified measurement: 0.079 m = ______ hm A.0.0079 hm Correct B.0.00079 hm C.79 hm D.7.9 hm Answer Key: B Part 3 of 30 - Unit 4 Q3 1.0/ 1.0 Points Question 3 ofRead MoreCurriculum Essay811 Words   |  4 Pagesassessment aligns with Common Core State Standards, CCSS, commonly used by Illinois teachers. Commonly found in Unit 1 was to defining words or phrases using such as question 1, Part A, â€Å"What is the meaning of the word drift as it used in paragraph 18 of â€Å"Just Like Home†? Often times students may be misled to read the whole text to comprehend the meaning of a word or phrase. Question 1 Part A asses students on their ability to use context clues to define what drift means associating (CC.4.L,4.a VocabularyRead MorePure Competition1363 Words   |  6 PagesANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 3,4, 7 AND 8 WERE HOMEWORK QUESTIONS 122 (Key Question) Complete the following labor demand table for a firm that is hiring labor competitively and selling its product in a competitive market. | | | | | | Unitsoflabor | Totalproduct | Marginalproduct | Productprice | Totalrevenue | Marginalrevenueproduct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0123456 | 0173143536065 | | ____________________________ | $2222222 |

The Impact of Cinematography on Our Life Essay - 1229 Words

In today’s society, film is seen as a major form of entertainment that can also be used to convey certain messages and themes. An aspect of film that is often missed or taken for granted is the impact of cinematography. Cinematography is the art of motion picture photography. Over the years, cinematography has proven itself to be a major contribution to film, furthering its artistic value and evolving as time changes. In the beginning, when film was still an emerging form of technology, expression of artistic ideas was not a main concern for filmmakers. In the 1890’s, Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas and Louis Jean Lumià ¨re, famously known as the Lumià ¨re Brothers, invented the Cinematograph. This invention was the first film camera. It also†¦show more content†¦Although film at this time was still emerging, glimmers of art seemed to flow from the works from various pioneers. As cinematography was now emerging, new elements such as contrast, exposure and came ra techniques also came about. Contrast is very important lighting technique used by cinematographers. Contrast is defined by the ratio of light and dark in an image. In terms of cinematography, contrast plays an important role in that it determines the mood of the scene. High contrast for example would make the scene darker. While higher contrast expresses a darker mood like evil, low contrast can indicate good or innocence. In the 1962 film version of To Kill A Mockingbird, Cinematographer, Russell Harlan uses contrast in an interaction with Scout and Bob Ewell. While Scout is sleeping in a car, Bob approaches her and stares at her. The shot shows Bob’s face to be much darker than Scout’s; an example of high contrast. This difference can be interpreted as a sign of Bob’s evil nature and Scout’s relaxed, innocent personality. Another aspect of cinematography is exposure. Exposure is defined as how much light passes through the camera lens. Exposure is o ften used by cinematographers to direct the audience’s attention to one part of the screen, or to imply the mood of the scene (Cinematography). Overexposure lets more light through the lens whereas underexposure lets less light through the lens. An example of exposure usedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Goodfellas : Communicating With Audiences1509 Words   |  7 Pagessignature talent of Martin Scorsese as a director, made for cinematic gold. Unquestionably, the actors and actresses did an excellent job augmenting the verisimilitude of this film and compelling audiences to empathize with their characters. But the cinematography in this film plays just as large a role in having audiences feel what the characters are feeling at a specific moment. Through the use of freeze frames, we learn of significant moments that shape Henry into the man that he is. By means of first-personRead MoreForrest Gump Analysis705 Words   |  3 PagesForrest Gump, explores the life of a low intellec t individual who overcomes adversity through sheer optimism. Through the use of cinematography techniques, the film Forrest Gump displays key aspects including destiny, friendship and love. I used cinematography and other film techniques to symbolically convey the essence of these ideas. Additionally, depicting the tone and mood throughout each theme and resonate it towards the audience. I incorporated motifs and cinematography techniques to portray theRead MoreDo The Right Thing Is A Beautifully Intense Film Directed By The Talented Spike Lee1029 Words   |  5 Pagesparticular sums up the whole premise of the film into a concise and poetic speech spoken by the one and only Radio Raheem. This scene is imperative to have in the film as well as for the viewers. Without this scene, the film itself would not have the same impact and possibly the same message it has already given all of its spectators. Radio Raheem is definitely an interesting character to say the least, just like many of the characters in this film; they individually embody an aspect of the microcosm theyRead MoreArt in Raw Form1434 Words   |  6 Pagesas cross an actress with no acting experience that can deliver pain, desperation, helplessness in such a profound way as has Gabourey Sidibe in â€Å"Precious†? This young lady had to transform herself into an empty and hollow person in order to bring to life the atrocious and horrific world Precious was living in. Mo’nique, who is known as by her incredible comedic style showed what she is truly made of. Professor Jonathan Howle, who holds a Master’s in Fine Arts in Dramatic Writing and teaches film studyRead MoreHan Gong Ju - Scripted And Directed By A Newborn Director Lee Su Jin1202 Words   |  5 Pagesbut definitely the most representative credit among all the South Korean films of 2014. In my opinion, the best way to define a good mov ie is to verify if it can clearly convey the purpose to audiences, as well as impact audiences by its atmosphere. Specifically, the editing, cinematography, and narrative are the effective potentials contributing to Han Gong-Ju, that successfully delivers the powerful message which appears to be emotionally draining not only to myself, but also to the majority of theRead MoreHarper Lee s Novel Of The Same Title896 Words   |  4 PagesFeature films have served as depictions of our society. They have been mirrors reflecting upon us what we are, what we would like to be, and how we view ourselves. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† is in fact a classic film that does just that. Directed by Robert Mulligan, this film was based on Harper Lee’s novel of the same title. The screenplay by Horton Foote, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird is both a coming of age story of three young children, told from the perspective of Scout as she reflects upon an importantRead MoreThe Discovery Of A H uman Mission Essay1206 Words   |  5 PagesWe have always been obsessed with finding life, finding resources, and exploration in general. The idea of a human mission to other planets has been around the science-fiction community, popular culture and in the imaginations of people for decades. It has manifested itself in art, cinematography and literature. Concepts have been thought of repeatedly on how this mission would be planned, funded, and executed. We are at a point in history where people are seriously planning the logistics of a humanRead MoreAn Investigation into the Social Aspect of Digital Cinematography1420 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: An investigation into the social aspect of digital cinematography. Motion picture was developed in the 1890’s and exploded in popularity over the next 40 years. This was mainly due to it being a new form of audio and visual entertainment. Theater was popular because it was a marvel of modem technology, relatively cheap, and, above all, provided patrons with an escape from their difficult lives. It means the everyday men and women now had a place to go to relax and be entertained. This gaveRead MoreEssay on change1184 Words   |  5 Pagesunpack the vigorous nature of change by uncovering the difficult battle involved with clear growth and how to attain fulfillment in oneself to discover true purpose in life. Society holds the power to break self-confidence in the individual, triggering never-ending struggle. Self-doubt and the burning need to find acceptance suffocates our ability to adapt; this becoming a challenge that must be faced before we grow in ourselves but more importantly before we can defeat judgment placed on us. HowardRead MoreFilm Analysis Of The Lion King1845 Words   |  8 PagesThey teach him the way of life and how to survive. Then, Simba gets reacquainted with his childhood friend Nala, and they fall in love. Nala tells Simba how bad the Pride Lands has been and wanted Simba to come back to claim his rightful spot as king. The difference between the film’s story and the plot is that the story is the summary of the film and the plot is the sequence of events. Three techniques that were used in the movie was the lighting, color, and cinematography. The type of light that

Homelessness is increasing every year and about a quarter...

Homelessness is increasing every year and about a quarter of all homeless people suffer from mental health issues. In Lars Eighner â€Å"On Dumpster Diving† he explains what he went through on a daily basis while being homeless. He describes how and what foods you should look for and to always be conscious of what you are getting because there is always a reason why something was thrown out. He continues to go into detail about other items that can be found in the dumpster like sheet and papers. Things that can keep you busy through the day. Eighner carefully explains to his readers how being a dumpster diver has become a life style for the homeless and this is how they survive. â€Å"I began dumpster diving about a year before I became homeless†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Eighner states, â€Å"Homelessness has become a highly visible issue in the past two decades† (Eightner 712). He does use a lot of humor in his writing to make it lighter. It is easy to be i n agreement with Eighner that it is probably embarrassing at first to be seen picking out the trash but then it becomes easier to do it and start finding things you can actually use. He tells us the best way to get into the dumpster is to lower yourself in feet first. I love that he talks about him and his dog Lizbeth that he brings with him while dumpster diving. The purpose of his essay is to show the ways of living by scavengers and how people are able to survive and minimal resources. He is very artistic and passionate about what he is saying and bringing a sense of awareness that everyone isn’t fortunate and struggle every day. â€Å"Eighner spent the tail end of the 1980’s living on the streets of Austin, Texas., with several epic hitch hiking excursions to Los Angeles and back in pursuit of dubious writing gigs, with his dog Lizbeth as his one steady companion†(Publisher Weekly 2013). Being homeless wasn’t nearly as bad in the 80’s when Eigh ner was homeless as it is today and it seemed a little easier to survive then, rather than in today’s society. One of the most interesting parts of this essay for me was when Eighner got into some rules of how to scavenge. It shows that there’s a lot to dumpster diving than we might think. â€Å"A true scavenger hates to seeShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Causes Of Homelessness In The U898 Words   |  4 Pages         The Causes of Homelessness in the U.S                               Nawaf Saif Almoeini Alex Westbrook University Preparatory Program January 16th, 2015   Ã¢â‚¬Å"In 2010, †¦ the U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness issued a comprehensive plan to eradicate homelessness for all people through interagency collaboration and aligning mainstream services. A key goal is to prevent and end homelessness for all families, youth, and children within 10  years†Ã‚  (Bassuk, 2010, P.496).  Homelessness is a situation thatRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Family And Family Homelessness1270 Words   |  6 PagesFamily and child homelessness has been a major social problem within the United states since the 1980s (Bassuk). According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, it is a problem that affected 79,446 family households in January 2010, and over 1.5 million children between the years of 2005 and 2006. Family and child homelessness is a genuine issue that although has increased to 37% of the overall homeless, and is said to have reached an â€Å"historic high† (Bassuk), it has not been discussedRead M oreHomelessness1449 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness Home has become such a scattered, damaged, various concept in our present travails. There is so much yearn for#8230;How hard can we expect even a pair of magic shoes to work? They promise to take us home, but#8230; will they permit us to redefine the blessed word? -Salman Rushdie (HopperBaumohl p.3). Homeless people all around the world, stopped believing in ruby slippers a long time ago, because they know that fairy tales will not get them out of their predicament. They must struggleRead MoreVulnerable Population : The Homeless1212 Words   |  5 PagesVulnerable Population: The Homeless Having the privilege to work in one of the busiest emergency departments in Florida, I get to meet many different types of individuals, many of those being homeless. Homeless persons are high risk individuals requiring ED services due to their poor health status, high rates of morbidity, lack of health insurance, chronic use of alcohol and drug abuse, unintentional injuries and much more (Tang, Stein, Hsia, Maselli Gonzales, 2010). According to the NationalRead MoreHomeless Women: Demographics and Interventions1994 Words   |  8 PagesHomeless Women: Demographics and Interventions Introduction Typically I only see men on the streets begging; however the number of homeless women is increasing, especially homeless women with children. In this paper I will focus on homeless women by defining this issue and discussing the demographics of the women. I will address the types of interventions that have been implemented to help homeless women. Then I will discuss what research still needs to be done concerning homeless women. FinallyRead More Homeless Children Essay3565 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction In the United States, 1.5 million children are homeless. 1.5 million children are without adequate shelter, nourishment, healthcare, or education. When a child is homeless, it is not just a house that they are without. They are more likely than other children to experience hunger, constant illness, mental disorders, and developmental delays.1 Being homeless negatively affects a child’s overall welfare and ability to thrive within their community throughout their childhood and into theirRead MoreShould We Help the Homeless2173 Words   |  9 PagesHelping the Homeless? Coming home to a warm bed, with food, water, and resources is taken for granted by most people in America. What if all of that was suddenly snatched from you forcing you and possibly your family out to the streets with everything you own on your back. This might not even graze your mind that this could be possibility, but this is reality fir over 100 million people worldwide. With the downturn of the economy, and many natural disasters occurring this number is continuing toRead MoreNavigating Our Mental Health Problem5632 Words   |  23 Pages Navigating Our Mental Health Problem Wesley W. Austin HCA 450A Warner Pacific College June 18, 2015 Abstract The object of this paper is to shed light on the seriousness of mental illness and it is statistically affecting the United States. The history of how the mentally ill have been treated in this country will be discussed, followed by how we got to our current situation with a lack of treatment and an epidemic of mentally ill homeless people as well as, how the police are trained,Read MoreUnit 47 P33550 Words   |  11 Pagesorganisation of people who seek to achieve goals that members feel are particularly important, such as giving people better opportunities, creating fairer society, and protecting the environment. The opposition party is Labour party. The UK has here main political parties among many, which are Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrat. These three parties work in both the House of Lords and House of Commons. Political parties have numerous important functions including: Enabling people with similar

Fashioning a Fraud Case Study free essay sample

In this article, Bobbie Jean Donnelly was a fraudster who used Travel and Expense reimbursements to defraud her company. Donnelly figured out how to manipulate her travel and expense reimbursements to eventually defraud her company of about $275,000. Had her company had proper controls in place for travel and expense reimbursements, wouldn’t have occurred to this magnitude. Donnelly was targeted in an internal investigation because she was one of three employees with the highest amounts of travel and expense reimbursements hers totaling, $115,000. One of the red flags in the case was the fact that Donnelly’s supervisor had only submitted $40,000 in travel and expense reimbursements that year. It turned out that Donnelly had been using several different schemes to accumulate such an outrageous amount of travel and expense reimbursements. The first of these schemes would be the mischaracterized expense reimbursements scheme. The flow of fraudulent behavior follows Exhibit 7-4 in Wells text. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashioning a Fraud Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Donnelly incurs a non-business expense such as a personal flight to Italy. She prepares the expense report for the flight and attaches the receipt to the expense report, which needs verification from a supervisor. She then forges the signature of her supervisor and sends the expense report to accounts payable. A check is issued to Donnelly to reimburse the expense and the expense is coded to â€Å"travel and entertainment. † Without proper controls of which and for how much TE expenses will be reimbursed with reasonable limits, it is easy to mischaracterize an expense. Donnelly also used fictitious expense reimbursements schemes to defraud her company. This type of scheme follows Exhibit 7-6 in Wells’ text. Donnelly prepares a report claiming a fictitious expense such as samples. Donnelly would use a credit card statement as her supporting document and then again forge her supervisor’s signature to gain approval. The expense report is sent to accounts payable and a check is issued to Donnelly to reimburse the expense and the expense is coded to â€Å"travel and entertainment. Another type of fictitious reimbursement expense was also created using taxi receipts. When this scheme was used, Donnelly would also follow Exhibit 7-6 from Wells, and prepare an expense report claiming numerous taxi expenses. For supporting documentation she would alter or photocopy the original receipt and then change amounts of tip or total. These could have either been forged or given to the supervisor who at first glance may not realize that these are fict itious documents. This type of fraud is difficult to prevent but can easily be detected. Fictitious reimbursements can be detected by; â€Å"expenses that are consistently rounded off, patterns in which expenses are consistently for the same amount, reimbursement requests that are consecutively numbered, or receipts that do not look professional or lack information. †(Wells, 187-188) Preventing and detecting reimbursement expenses can be very challenging and time- consuming for companies. However, in order to prevent these schemes, a company needs to have explicit policies that clearly convey to each and every employee what will and will not be reimbursed. Donnelly was able to defraud her company out of a quarter of a million dollars in a short two-year period. In order to prevent these schemes and not use up so much time, Kessler points out that there are â€Å"tools that could be used to examine and parse such data [which] include IDEA Data Analysis Software, Audit Command Language (ACL), Excel, Access, SQL, SAS—generally any database or query software. These programs can be very helpful for any company. Works Cited Kessler, B. (2007). Fashioning A Fraud. Journal Of Accountancy. Wells, J. (2008). Principles of Fraud Examination. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc.

A Project Management Overview of the Xp Software Development Methodology Essay Example

A Project Management Overview of the Xp Software Development Methodology Paper A Project Management Overview of XP Software Development Methodology This paper will discuss at a high-level how software development projects are run when implementing the extreme programming (XP) methodology, and explain during which step, XP covers the Project Management Institute’s (PMI) process groups, and management knowledge areas (MKA) [9]. After the XP process is discussed, XP’s unique way of developing code, its documentation management, and user-centric approach are explained. Since XP is written as being easy to implement, a short discussion of where the real work occurs is included, then guidance on what types projects it is best to implement XP. A brief overview of agile methodologies (AM), of which XP is but one, is included first. Agile Methodologies The characteristics of AM are that they the value â€Å"(a) individuals and interaction over processes and tools, (b) working software over comprehensive documentation, (c) customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and (d) responding to change over following a plan†[1]. AM concentrate on developing functionality over managing the development of functionality. The management of traditional software projects favors a well-planned approach – typically called the â€Å"waterfall approach† – documenting all project details before development starts. AM advocates creating a high level design of the whole system, then working on functionality in ascending order from highest to lowest in customer perceived business value. All AM assume requirements will change constantly so shorter development cycles are instituted to accommodate for the new or changed requirements. We will write a custom essay sample on A Project Management Overview of the Xp Software Development Methodology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Project Management Overview of the Xp Software Development Methodology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Project Management Overview of the Xp Software Development Methodology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer AM also assume close contact with the business (for the purposes of this paper, business, client, user are used interchangeably) to answer any questions, and help resolve issues related to design, cost, and scheduling. XP Step One – The Planning Game The first step of an XP project encapsulates the PMI Initiating and Planning processes and is called the planning game. The planning game is a meeting in which desired functionality is discussed and analyzed via the creation of user stories [1]. Participants are users, project and development managers, architects, and developers. Other stakeholders, from the business or development side who can add value to the design of the functionality of the proposed system, are included when needed [3]. After business prioritizes the user stories, development estimates how many top priority user stories can be achieved within the first iteration/coding cycle (iteration velocity [5]). This process continues until all user stories are planned for in subsequent iterations, thus creating the project plan. At the beginning of each iteration, another planning game is instituted to get the detailed functionality for each user story to be implemented [5]. This set of user stories/requirements does not change during the iteration. PMI MKAs touched on during the planning games are scope, time, cost, quality, communication, and risk. Time, scope, and cost are documented as an outcome of deciding what user stories are to be solved and when, and how much it will cost for each story. Quality is documented as an outcome through the creation of acceptance tests with measure(s) of quality built in to each test. True XP projects have at least one business representative sitting with the development team which aids in addressing most communication issues. Risk management is thought through in the game and if needed, a spike solution is explored to determine how risky a certain technical aspect of the user story is [4]. A spike solution is a coding effort that is worked on just enough until a high-level design of the potential risk can be foreseen. XP Step Two – Code Iteration Each coding iteration is at most three weeks long. This is when the PMI Execution process occurs via iteration tracking and daily meetings. The daily meetings are called ‘stand-up meetings’ and everyone stands in a circle. They include people working directly on code and the project manager only. The set agenda for each meeting covers what was completed since the last meeting, what is scheduled for the day, and what problems are anticipated so others can offer guidance. Iteration tracking consists of teams reporting on which tasks leading up to a certain piece of functionality have been completed. The team decides to report task completion on a daily, twice a week, or weekly basis [7]. XP Steps Three and Four – Testing Closing Business and development will create acceptance tests for each user story which the programmers (or the test team) will test on a daily basis with each code drop [6]. This is when the PMI Monitoring and Controlling process occurs, and is carried out by passing unit and acceptance tests before a piece of functionality is considered complete. Unit tests are created and run by each developer making sure no errors will be found during the acceptance tests. Acceptance tests show the user that each story’s functionality was developed correctly and meets agreed upon measures of quality. During closing and for proper hand off to the maintenance team, user stories are put in proper order. Then the final high-level architecture and any special design, or code related considerations are documented. Remember, at the end of each iteration, all new features work. It is up to the user when to deploy them. The creation of and carrying out of the unit and acceptance tests is how XP addresses the PMI Quality MKA. The PMI Communication MKA is touched on during the first planning game, stand-up meetings and as a natural outcome of pair programming. Coding in XP – Pair Programming Pair programming is intended to improve communication throughout the development team, develop collective code ownership, and improve maintainability [3]. The main challenge to pair programming is convincing programmers who typically work alone, to work with others on a rotating basis [3]. Some like the social interaction and skill improvement, while others find it difficult to work with other peoples’ styles and see it as a threat to their positions [3]. Documentation in XP – Output of Each Step XP views documentation during the normal plan-driven method as duplicating effort. With the short development cycle in XP, documentation slows the process down. In XP, all decisions are documented as the output of each step in the process and in coordination with the user. For instance, design documentation is in the user stories, which are created with the user, and with all subsequent design decisions written as notes attached to the story [8]. If a user requires documentation produced as an output of the process, that request goes through the same process as a feature request, in a planning game with development estimating effort/cost, and the user deciding if it is truly worth the time and effort. The main point with AM in general and XP in particular, is that â€Å"face-to-face communication, interaction, and the sharing of ideas eliminates the need for documentation that is required for the traditional models† [1, 8]. XP Is User-Centric The user is in control of the process and cost when XP is used, as she decides what goes into each iteration, and how often she wants to see a working version [2]. At the end of an iteration, acceptance tests are run and the user decides if the functionality is acceptable or not. If not, then additional work is documented in the user story and it is scheduled for another iteration. It is added in the next iteration if the user decides it is absolutely mandatory. At the beginning of each iteration, the user is queried again to make sure the functionality about to be developed is what is indeed expected. Since the user is in control of what work is scheduled for each iteration, she is in control of the cost as well. XP – Is It Really That Easy? So, where is the ‘real’ work in XP? The following paragraph is this author’s opinion, based on experience. The planning games can be recipes for disaster. Requiring many people with such diverse backgrounds and experience to agree on many points in a short period of time could be daunting. Keeping people on track and not completely designing each piece of functionality is a hard thing to do as well. One of the key points in the games to remember is that developers need to know what are the requirements, i. e. what will make the user ‘happy’, for each piece of functionality, not jump ahead to what the final technical design will be. Since the user is integral to the creation of user stories and acceptance tests, it takes time, most likely the project manager’s or business analyst’s, to coach the user to proficiency in these matters. Convincing the user to accept shorter development cycles with less functionality can seem counter-intuitive to a person or business used to receiving the whole product delivered at once. For instance, the amount of time needed to develop all functionality on one web page, might require more than one iteration. The user is then tasked with deciding which functionality is enough for that web page to be useful. This is potentially disastrous as the user is actually being asked to OK less functionality – for the short-term – than desired. Daily stand-up meetings are held to figure out which problems need to be resolved quickly before they slow the process down. Running the daily stand-up meeting on a daily/weekly basis requires strong leadership, quality decision-making skills, and resolve. It also must be stated that a three week cycle is for coding only. Meaning planning games, user-run acceptance tests, and code migration to production server need to be incorporated in to the schedule. Documentation is handled in a completely different way than traditional methods with direct communication favored over change requests, addendums to design documentation, etc. It is easy for a programmer to forget to document a verbal decision with the user in code comments, or by updating a user story. XP – When to Use It? The final point to be made in this discussion is when to use the XP method. As with all AM, XP is best suited for projects with a tight schedule, uncertain requirements, a high degree of change, and significant risk [1]. Traditional plan driven projects are best suited for projects where â€Å"(a) Requirements are well understood, [and] (b) Frequent maintenance is expected in the future† [1]. Since XP is user-centric, it requires a technologically advanced customer and one comfortable with the software development lifecycle and processes. The customer should also be able to work effectively with the development team during planning games, as well as comfortable working with developers to resolve any questions or problems during each iteration. References: [1] V. Guntamukkala, J. H. Wen, M. J. Tarn (2006). An empirical study of selecting software development life cycle models. Human Systems Management 25, 265-278 [2] Cusumano, M. A. (2007). Technology Strategy and Management Extreme Programming Compared with Microsoft-Style Iterative Development. Communications of the ACM. 50 (10), 15. [3] Gittins R. , Bass J. , and Hope S. (2004). A Comparison of Software Development Process Experiences. LNCS 3092, pp. 231–236. [4] Wells D. (1999) Extreme Programming: Create A Spike Solution. http://www. extremeprogramming. org/rules/spike. html. Retrieved on Nov. 6, 2007. [5] Wake W. C. (2006). Agile Project Management, XP Style. http://xp123. com/xplor/xp0111a/index. shtml. Retrieved on Nov. 6, 2007. [6] Wake W. C. (1999). Intro. to Extreme Programming (XP). http://xp123. com/xplor/xp9912/index. shtml. Retrieved on Nov. 6, 2007. [7] VersionOne, Inc. ( ©2007) Iteration Tracking. http://www. versionone. com/Resources/IterationTracking. asp. Retrieved on Nov. 6, 2007 [8] Jefferies, R. (2001) Essential XP: Documentation http://www. xprogramming. com/xpmag/expDocumentationInXp. htm. Retrieved on Nov. 7, 2007 [9] Schwalbe, K. (2007). Information Technology Project Management. Boston:Thomson Course Technology.

Pierre Elliot Trudeau & His Mark on Canada essays

Pierre Elliot Trudeau & His Mark on Canada essays Canada has been shaped, from its beginning, by strong personalities and people of character. Pierre Elliot Trudeau was certainly one of these people. He was charismatic, flamboyant and he changed the face of politics. The influence of Trudeaus actions still remains eminent today. Trudeau was a man that you either loved or hated but it is impossible to deny he made many important contributions to the maturation of Canada. Pierre Elliot Trudeau was a man with a vision for his country. Trudeau applied his belief in freedoms and rights of the individual when he as justice minister proposed amendments to the Criminal Code that relaxed laws against divorce and abortion and decriminalized homosexuality. He will always be remembered for his famous quote Take this thing on homosexuality. I think the view we take here is that there's no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation . . . what's done in private between consenting adults doesn't concern the Criminal Code (Wood). Trudeaus policy to legalize abortion, homosexuality and to make divorce easier have had many repercussions on the Canada of today. In the midst of staying out of the bedrooms of the nation Canadians have been free to basically do anything where consenting adults can be found. Now this may seem like something glorious to some, statistics imply the opposite. The freedoms, in acted by Trudeau to promote his visions of the rights of the individual have caused a demoralizing of Canada. Over two million unborn babies have been snuffed out (killed because they are not legally people) (Jalslevac). The birth rate has shrunk to minimal size, and will continue to do so. The Divorce Act has also taken its toll on demoralizing Canada. Ten years after the Divorce Act of 1968, divorces multiplied by five times. In 1982-1985 when the government made amendments to the Divorce Act, that made it even easier to get a divorce (chang...

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Term Paper

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility - Term Paper Example They can include the patients, surrounding community and government. However, this paper only focuses on three stakeholders: the employees, shareholders and the patients. As a hospital director, Dr. DoRight owes the stakeholders duty of loyalty in all aspects of the hospital performance. This duty requires that Dr. DoRight should act in the best interest of the shareholders and the hospital as an entity. The duty of loyalty also restricts Dr. DoRight to make him stay away from his personal interests and self dealing which can be at the expenses of the stakeholders. Dr. DoRight also owes the stakeholders duty of loyalty that dictates him not to enter into some acts that may help him receive personal benefits improperly and end up causing harm to the stakeholders and the hospital at large. To the patients, Dr. DoRight owes a duty of loyalty that requires him to act in good faith and care which any other prudent and ordinary person in the same position would accord in a similar situatio n in order to safeguard both the interest of the patients and the hospital (Martin, 2001). The duty of loyalty is also owed to the employees, especially in making decisions. Dr. DoRight is required to have his decisions made in good faith, being well informed and with honesty when dealing with the employees in order to safeguard their interests, as well as those of the hospital through the judgment rule of the business. In order to have this protection invoked, Dr. DoRight owes them the duty of information on all the reasonable material information available. The rule of business judgment may not protect Dr. DoRight when he has financial interests at a personal level in the transactions, fails to have information on the situations, is not independent, or fails to carryout the duty of loyalty and care. Dr. DoRight must make sure that he follows the standard of fairness to the hospital and all the stakeholders (Pickstock, 2007). Dr. DoRight as a director of the hospital has the duty t o facilitate the maximization of the shareholders’ wealth and enhance the interests of the shareholders. In summary, Dr. DoRight must ensure that maintains the rights of the shareholders and treats them equally, honor the interest of all other stakeholders like the patients, observes integrity and ethics in his duties, and remains transparent with all his actions. Question two Stakeholders have different interests in hospital. For instance, the shareholders who invested on the hospital are interested in the survival and profitability of the firm. They are classically concerned with the allocation of investment earnings and their residual earnings that is paid to the as dividends; the company management, including Dr. DoRight, is interested in the efficiency of the hospital in generating the profits. The general performance of the hospital is regarded as the effectiveness of management and can be observed by particular financial rations; the customers such as the patients are interested in the ability of the hospital to continue providing the health services to them; employees may be interested in high wages in order to keep their work running; suppliers on the other side want to see their products bought and paid for by the hospital and the lenders are interested in the liquidity position of the hospital to check if they will be paid in time; and the community in general is concerned with environmental

What stressors exist for incarcerated women Essay

What stressors exist for incarcerated women - Essay Example Religious groups have shown constant and persistent interest in working with the incarcerated people in jail to help bring about their rehabilitation. Evidently, this is evident as many terms that are currently associated with the prisons came about from the efforts made by the people of faith in the 18th century. These are terms like the reformatory, rehabilitation and the penitentiary. This was in an effort to ensure that the inmates fully reformed while serving their jail term (Lazzari, 2005). The faith-based organizations provide in-house ministries, mentorship of the inmates, bible studies and even preparing the inmates for their release. However, these faith-based organizations require volunteer ship and participation from the inmates. A study by Camp and Associates in 2006; however, revealed that females, blacks and Hispanics were less likely to volunteer in these organizations. Evidently, this is because of many challenges and stresses that these women undergo. Incarcerated women faced a lot of challenges and stresses during their imprisonment period. These challenges range from both physical and mental stresses. Evidently, women conditions and life at the prisons were characterized by unsafe environments, which ranged from lack of proper sanitation facilities. The prisons had inadequate or very few sewage and bathing facilities and systems (Cobbina, 2010). The incarceration period was also greatly marred with hard physical labor and in most cases; the women oversaw corporal punishment. In addition to this, there was no medical care for the offenders who posed a great risk and worried mostly to the pregnant offenders. The women with mental health problems were held in a solitary confinement something that posed a great stress to the offenders (Lazzari, 2005). To help the women deal with these problems, the authors stress on the need of the use of faith based organizations. The faith-based programs are seen to

Ancient Egypt Essay Example for Free

Ancient Egypt Essay Ancient Egypt was a civilization that emerged in eastern North Africa, and was centered along the banks of the lower part of the Nile River. Beginning around 3100 B. C. , this dynamic civilization would exist for over 3,000 years, only ending with its fall to the Roman Empire. Yet, during its existence, ancient Egypt developed a rich history, as well as a rich culture that greatly influenced the rest of the ancient world and the modern world. Ancient Egyptian culture encompassed many things, but the most important was the spiritual aspect. Ancient Egyptians had no separate word to describe what modern society now calls religion, mainly because their spirituality was an integral part of their life. Therefore, it was believed that Egypt was part of a â€Å"universal cosmic scheme†, and on Earth, it was the responsibility of the pharaoh to maintain stability within that cosmic scheme (19). Another aspect of this cosmic scheme was the multitude of gods that ancient Egyptians worshipped. All the gods were associated with either heavenly bodies or natural forces. However, two groups of gods came to have particular importance. They were the sun gods and the land gods, and considering the fact that nature played such a vital role in the survival of ancient Egypt, it makes perfect sense that these groups would take precedence over the rest of the gods. The sun god commanded the greatest respect and devotion of all the gods because it was the sun that served as the source of life. He also had the ability to take on different forms and names. Thus, he was worshiped in human form as Atum, and in half man-half falcon form as Re (19). Land gods included Osiris, Isis, and Horus, all of whom represented some particular aspect of nature, as well as aspects of the afterlife. Such was the case with Osiris, who represented resurrection and judgment of the dead. The next main aspect of ancient Egyptian culture was its architecture. As proven from the ruins that exist today, ancient Egyptian rulers built large-scale monuments to demonstrate their power and strength, both militarily and politically. Yet, of all the architecture that remains from this civilization, it is the pyramids that still evoke awe in all. Built during the Old Kingdom period, the pyramids were often part of a large complex that was dedicated to the dead. The complex would include not only the pyramid for the burial of the pharaoh, but also smaller pyramids for his family, and rectangular structures called mastabas for his noble officials. Within these pyramids, everything that one needed for the afterlife was there. This was done because it was believed by ancient Egyptians that humans had two bodies: a physical one and a spiritual one, called the ka. The items placed in the pyramid with the physically dead pharaoh were meant to his ka to live on in the afterlife as it had in its earthly life (20-21). Naturally, pyramids cannot be talked about without referring to the process of mummification, which can be considered to be part of the spiritual aspect of ancient Egyptian life. A 70-day long process, mummification involved emptying the dead body of its internal organs, of which the lungs, liver, stomach, intestines, and heart were placed into special jars to be buried alongside the body. The body was then covered in salt, to draw out all the water from the body. Once this was done, the body was then filled with spices and wrapped in layers of linen that had been soaked with resin. The final step was the placing of a mask over the head of the mummy, and then its burial. Through this process, the pharaoh, his family, and his officials were all preserved, with the ultimate goal being they would reunite again in the afterworld (21). The final main aspect of ancient Egyptian culture was its art and writing. Egyptian art was largely functional, often being commissioned by kings and nobles for use in the temples and tombs of Egypt. With regard to the temples, wall paintings and statues of the gods and the pharaohs were meant for spiritual purposes only, in that they played integral roles in the performance of various rituals done by the temple priests. With regard to the tombs, wall paintings and statues were meant to aid the deceased along into the afterworld, serving as a type of guide for the person (21). Egyptian art was also extremely formulaic, meaning artists and sculptors had to follow a strict set of rules regarding proportions for the form and presentation of their works. As a result, Egyptian art had a distinctive appearance that would span the entire existence of ancient Egyptian civilization. One particular characteristic was the technique implemented by artists and sculptors alike, in which profile, semi-profile, and frontal views of the human body were combined to represent the whole image of the body accurately (21). Egyptian writing emerged during the first two dynasties, but did not have a name until given one by the Greeks, who called it hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics, meaning ‘priest carvings’ or sacred writings, were signs that depicted objects. Eventually, they were simplified into two scripts to make them easier to write, but were never developed into an actual alphabet. Initially carved into stone tablets, but the more simplified versions were written on papyrus. As a result, most of the Egyptian literature that exists today is either on stone tablets or papyrus rolls (22) As previously stated, ancient Egyptian culture was quite unique and vibrant. It was also greatly influential, as various aspects of it were adopted by other civilizations. Ancient Egypt served as an early example of how great a culture and civilization could be, and those that followed after it would not have been as successful were it not for the existence of ancient Egypt. Source: Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization. Belmont: Thomson-Wadsworth, 2006.

Tritt’s View of Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Tritt’s View of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† In the article, â€Å"‘Young Goodman Brown’ and the Psychology of Projection†, Michael Tritt critically analyzes Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† to construct the process of how Hawthorne regards Goodman Brown’s behavior. Tritt examines the phenomenon of projection in psychology and believes that â€Å"Brown’s compulsive condemnation of others, along with his consistent denial of his own culpability, illustrates a classically defined case of projection† (116). He defines projection as an unconscious process when a person projects their own traits or desires onto other people, thus representing a false perception on whom the projection is made. Tritt perceives Goodman Brown’s withdrawal is from the persuasion that he has not fallen in with his devilish community, thus Goodman Brown projects his guilt to them in an attempt to escape a guilty subconscious. While Goodman Brown is in the forest, he locates his anxieties upon the community that he lives in. The experience in the forest actually depicts Goodman Brown’s own evils. Tritt refers to Goodman Brown snatching away a child being catechized by Goody Cloyse: If Brown truly conceives of himself as fallen, why would he snatch the child from one fiend to yield yet another, namely himself? Brown must believe himself untainted, or at least less tainted than various members of his community. (115) Michael Tritt believes that Brown’s anxieties inevitably stick within his subconscious forever. The anxieties suggest a psychological design with aspects of misperception and false perception to reveal a projection process. Tritt asserts that Goodman Brown’s evil is located in others, and Brown believes himself to be without guilt although his desires are still in his subconscious. It is a â€Å"vice-like grip with which such process is paralyzing, indeed terrifying† (Tritt 116). Undoubtedly, Michael Tritt uses a psychological strategy to critically analyze â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. He carefully constructs his criticism through quotes from other critics and the short story. Sigmund Freud is also quoted because he theorized the projection process.

Energy Drinks Essay

Introduction Sir Isaac Newton was right when he saidâ€Å"what goes up must come down† . This rings true when talking about energy drinks. These products promise to provide heightened awareness, more energy, more endurance some even reference to the consumer you will have wings. So when consuming these products what are you really drinking? Do they provide the energy boost they promise? Are they harmful? Should the FDA do more investigating into the safety of these so-called energy drinks? These are questions I had going into this as a consumer of energy drinks myself, I was interested in how harmful they are too the consumer. In this paper I hope to provide a better insight to a product that is popular and in demand; but little is known about. What Are You Drinking? Energy drinks contain most of the same major ingredients caffeine, taurine, glucronolactone, niacin and panax ginseng just to list a few. Let’s start with caffeine it is a central nervous system stimulant that has the effect of temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. As of studies done by (Lovett, Richard) 90% of adults consume caffeine daily in different ways. Most of the energy from these drinks comes from the sugar and caffeine not the unnecessary extras (Suzanne Farrell MS, RD). Taurine another main ingredient is actually an amino acid that is found in the human body it is a natural substance that our bodily systems encounter every day. However in these energy drinks it is a synthetic element. Then there is Ginseng is known as an adaptogen, which means it increases resistance to physical, chemical, and biological stress and builds energy and general vitality. These are just a couple of the things in what seems to be in a lot of the energy drinks. The rest of the scientific sounding ingredients came up to be not relevant to the effects these drinks promise. |Beverage (250 ml) |Caffeine content | |Cocaine energy drink |280mg | |Full Throttle |144mg | |Monster |160mg | |Impulse |88 mg | |Red Bull |80 mg | |Naughty Boy |80mg | |’V’ |78 mg | |Coca-Cola |48. 75 mg | Do These Drinks Provide The Effects They Promise? Most drinks provide some combination of B vitamins (which help convert sugar to energy and help regulate red blood cells, which deliver oxygen), amino acids (e. g. , taurine), antioxidants(milk thisle, vitamin C), and stimulants, ranging from the reliable (caffeine, guarana) to the alleged (horny goat weed). Yes, they do. Smit and colleagues found that energy drinks, as compared to placebo, had energizing effects among 18 to 55 year old participants, with effects being strongest 30 to 60 minutes after consumption and sustained at least 90 minutes. Caffeine was found to be the primary constituent responsible for these effects. Although there is no human requirement for caffeine, even low doses of caffeine (12. 5 to 100 mg) improve cognitive performance and mood (Smit HJ). Because this is still such an understudied topic it is hard to say that these drinks provide the effect they promise. The fact is caffeine affects everyone different due to age, size, tolerance, consumption and lack of sleep all these things contribute to how these drinks will affect you. Are They Harmful? This question was the one I was most interested in there is so much controversy around this question. Many energy drinks have a very high percentage of carbohydrates that can make it more difficult for food and nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestines. In some cases, gastrointestinal problems and distress are a possibility. When an energy drink has a high sugar content, it can have a laxative effect, as well as causing a sudden â€Å"crash† when the sugar leaves the bloodstream and the energy high disappears. Researchers found that within four hours of drinking various energy drinks, the 15 participants’ blood pressure rates increased approximately 10 percent for the systolic rate, 8 percent for the diastolic rate and heart rates increased 11 percent (Wayne state university study). When given to test rats in an experimental laboratory, it was found that the taurine caused anxiety, irritability, high sensitivity to noise, and self-mutilations. However, this data does not mean that the same effects will occur in humans the differences between rats and people are obviously substantial. That to me seems sort of scary. The Australian Consumers’ Association advises that while energy drinks may be scientifically safe, young people especially need to be aware of their contents. Research shows that children and young people who consume energy drinks may suffer sleep problems, bed-wetting and anxiety. Children who consume two or more cans of energy drinks a day may become irritable and anxious. Women who are pregnant are advised to avoid energy drinks (especially during the first three months of pregnancy), as high amounts of caffeine can increase the risk of miscarriage, difficult birth and delivery of low-weight babies. (Australian Consumers Association) Drinking these drinks while consuming alcohol can also be very harmful there have been reports of young people dying, possibly as a result of mixing of alcohol and energy drinks. Also Since the absorption of nutrients is slower; there is a large chance that the fluid absorption rate of the body is also slower. Difficulty in natural re-hydration of the body during workouts can cause danger to the person’s health. Athletes, who lose great quantities of fluids during games and practices, should be aware of this circumstance for they are one of the target markets of energy drinks. Should The FDA Do More Investigating As To The Safety Of Energy Drinks? Regulation of foods and drugs in the United States falls under the guidance of the Food and Drug Administration under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). Functional foods, like energy drinks, may be regulated as foods, dietary supplements, drugs, medical foods or food for special dietary use. Though energy drinks have many of the same qualities as soft drinks, which are regulated as foods, they are regulated differently because the functional beverage industry is part of the trend of â€Å"nutraceutical foods† that occupies the gray area between food and dietary supplements. Dietary supplements are generally characterized as foods, despite their drug-like properties and their lack of testing on the market. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration have not conducted any serious investigations into the safety of energy drinks. As dietary supplements, energy drinks are subject to much less stringent regulations than other foodstuffs. However certain nations limit the locations that can sell energy drinks. Other countries require warning labels on individual cans of energy drinks. Still other countries have issued national statements regarding their safety. Some countries, such as Canada, have not yet approved certain energy drinks for sale. So shouldn’t the FDA take a closer look as to how these drinks are labeled and marketed and shouldn’t there be more investigating as to its effects on their consumer. Conclusion As a consumer of at least two if not more monster energy drinks a day I found the information was good to know. I do think that the FDA needs to make it where they do inform the consumer of the risks on the label especially because these drinks are very popular in teens. After all that I found I find it interesting that the public is so misinformed about all the ingredients in these drinks because really the caffeine is what is giving them the boost not all the scientific sounding ingredients. I think that it is most important for consumers to know that when taking in such high levels of caffeine you will go up but you must come down. Bibliography Lovett, Richard (24 September 2005). â€Å"Coffee: The demon drink? † (Fee required). New Scientist (2518). http://www. newscientist. com/article. ns? id=mg18725181. 700. Retrieved 2009-08-03. Suzanne Farrell, MS, RD, a spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association. Webmd. com Smit HJ, Rogers PJ: Effects of low doses of caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and thirst in low and higher caffeine consumers. Psychopharmacology 2000, 152:167-173. William J. McGuire, the Communication-Persuasion Model and Health-Risk Labeling, in Product Labeling and Health Risks Bichler A, Swenson A, Harris MA: A combination of caffeine and taurine has no effect on short term memory but induces changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Amino Acids 2006 http://www. naturalhealthontheweb. com Australian Drug Foundation’s Druginfo Clearinghouse. http://www. redbull. com/faq/index. html. http://www. safefoodonline. com/news/n_190302. asp. Monster energy [http://www. monsterenergy. com/product/energy. php www. fda. gov wellnessandnutrition. com edrinks. net Smit HJ, Rogers PJ: Effects of low doses of caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and thirst in low and higher caffeine consumers. Psychopharmacology 2000, 152:167-173. http://www. naturalhealthontheweb. com Australian Drug Foundation’s Druginfo Clearinghouse. http://www. redbull. com/faq/index. html. http://www. safefoodonline. com/news/n_190302. asp Monster energy [http://www. monsterenergy. com/product/energy. php] Introduction Sir Isaac Newton was right when he saidâ€Å"what goes up must come down† . This rings true when talking about energy drinks. These products promise to provide heightened awareness, more energy, more endurance some even reference to the consumer you will have wings. So when consuming these products what are you really drinking? Do they provide the energy boost they promise? Are they harmful? Should the FDA do more investigating into the safety of these so-called energy drinks? These are questions I had going into this as a consumer of energy drinks myself, I was interested in how harmful they are too the consumer. In this paper I hope to provide a better insight to a product that is popular and in demand; but little is known about. What Are You Drinking? Energy drinks contain most of the same major ingredients caffeine, taurine, glucronolactone, niacin and panax ginseng just to list a few. Let’s start with caffeine it is a central nervous system stimulant that has the effect of temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. As of studies done by (Lovett, Richard) 90% of adults consume caffeine daily in different ways. Most of the energy from these drinks comes from the sugar and caffeine not the unnecessary extras (Suzanne Farrell MS, RD). Taurine another main ingredient is actually an amino acid that is found in the human body it is a natural substance that our bodily systems encounter every day. However in these energy drinks it is a synthetic element. Then there is Ginseng is known as an adaptogen, which means it increases resistance to physical, chemical, and biological stress and builds energy and general vitality. These are just a couple of the things in what seems to be in a lot of the energy drinks. The rest of the scientific sounding ingredients came up to be not relevant to the effects these drinks promise. |Beverage (250 ml) |Caffeine content | |Cocaine energy drink |280mg | |Full Throttle |144mg | |Monster |160mg | |Impulse |88 mg | |Red Bull |80 mg | |Naughty Boy |80mg | |’V’ |78 mg | |Coca-Cola |48. 75 mg | Do These Drinks Provide The Effects They Promise? Most drinks provide some combination of B vitamins (which help convert sugar to energy and help regulate red blood cells, which deliver oxygen), amino acids (e. g. , taurine), antioxidants(milk thisle, vitamin C), and stimulants, ranging from the reliable (caffeine, guarana) to the alleged (horny goat weed). Yes, they do. Smit and colleagues found that energy drinks, as compared to placebo, had energizing effects among 18 to 55 year old participants, with effects being strongest 30 to 60 minutes after consumption and sustained at least 90 minutes. Caffeine was found to be the primary constituent responsible for these effects. Although there is no human requirement for caffeine, even low doses of caffeine (12. 5 to 100 mg) improve cognitive performance and mood (Smit HJ). Because this is still such an understudied topic it is hard to say that these drinks provide the effect they promise. The fact is caffeine affects everyone different due to age, size, tolerance, consumption and lack of sleep all these things contribute to how these drinks will affect you. Are They Harmful? This question was the one I was most interested in there is so much controversy around this question. Many energy drinks have a very high percentage of carbohydrates that can make it more difficult for food and nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestines. In some cases, gastrointestinal problems and distress are a possibility. When an energy drink has a high sugar content, it can have a laxative effect, as well as causing a sudden â€Å"crash† when the sugar leaves the bloodstream and the energy high disappears. Researchers found that within four hours of drinking various energy drinks, the 15 participants’ blood pressure rates increased approximately 10 percent for the systolic rate, 8 percent for the diastolic rate and heart rates increased 11 percent (Wayne state university study). When given to test rats in an experimental laboratory, it was found that the taurine caused anxiety, irritability, high sensitivity to noise, and self-mutilations. However, this data does not mean that the same effects will occur in humans the differences between rats and people are obviously substantial. That to me seems sort of scary. The Australian Consumers’ Association advises that while energy drinks may be scientifically safe, young people especially need to be aware of their contents. Research shows that children and young people who consume energy drinks may suffer sleep problems, bed-wetting and anxiety. Children who consume two or more cans of energy drinks a day may become irritable and anxious. Women who are pregnant are advised to avoid energy drinks (especially during the first three months of pregnancy), as high amounts of caffeine can increase the risk of miscarriage, difficult birth and delivery of low-weight babies. (Australian Consumers Association) Drinking these drinks while consuming alcohol can also be very harmful there have been reports of young people dying, possibly as a result of mixing of alcohol and energy drinks. Also Since the absorption of nutrients is slower; there is a large chance that the fluid absorption rate of the body is also slower. Difficulty in natural re-hydration of the body during workouts can cause danger to the person’s health. Athletes, who lose great quantities of fluids during games and practices, should be aware of this circumstance for they are one of the target markets of energy drinks. Should The FDA Do More Investigating As To The Safety Of Energy Drinks? Regulation of foods and drugs in the United States falls under the guidance of the Food and Drug Administration under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). Functional foods, like energy drinks, may be regulated as foods, dietary supplements, drugs, medical foods or food for special dietary use. Though energy drinks have many of the same qualities as soft drinks, which are regulated as foods, they are regulated differently because the functional beverage industry is part of the trend of â€Å"nutraceutical foods† that occupies the gray area between food and dietary supplements. Dietary supplements are generally characterized as foods, despite their drug-like properties and their lack of testing on the market. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration have not conducted any serious investigations into the safety of energy drinks. As dietary supplements, energy drinks are subject to much less stringent regulations than other foodstuffs. However certain nations limit the locations that can sell energy drinks. Other countries require warning labels on individual cans of energy drinks. Still other countries have issued national statements regarding their safety. Some countries, such as Canada, have not yet approved certain energy drinks for sale. So shouldn’t the FDA take a closer look as to how these drinks are labeled and marketed and shouldn’t there be more investigating as to its effects on their consumer. Conclusion As a consumer of at least two if not more monster energy drinks a day I found the information was good to know. I do think that the FDA needs to make it where they do inform the consumer of the risks on the label especially because these drinks are very popular in teens. After all that I found I find it interesting that the public is so misinformed about all the ingredients in these drinks because really the caffeine is what is giving them the boost not all the scientific sounding ingredients. I think that it is most important for consumers to know that when taking in such high levels of caffeine you will go up but you must come down. Bibliography Lovett, Richard (24 September 2005). â€Å"Coffee: The demon drink? † (Fee required). New Scientist (2518). http://www. newscientist. com/article. ns? id=mg18725181. 700. Retrieved 2009-08-03. Suzanne Farrell, MS, RD, a spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association. Webmd. com Smit HJ, Rogers PJ: Effects of low doses of caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and thirst in low and higher caffeine consumers. Psychopharmacology 2000, 152:167-173. William J. McGuire, the Communication-Persuasion Model and Health-Risk Labeling, in Product Labeling and Health Risks Bichler A, Swenson A, Harris MA: A combination of caffeine and taurine has no effect on short term memory but induces changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Amino Acids 2006 http://www. naturalhealthontheweb. com Australian Drug Foundation’s Druginfo Clearinghouse. http://www. redbull. com/faq/index. html. http://www. safefoodonline. com/news/n_190302. asp Monster energy [http://www. monsterenergy. com/product/energy. php www. fda. gov wellnessandnutrition. com edrinks. net Smit HJ, Rogers PJ: Effects of low doses of caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and thirst in low and higher caffeine consumers. Psychopharmacology 2000, 152:167-173. http://www. naturalhealthontheweb. com Australian Drug Foundation’s Druginfo Clearinghouse. http://www. redbull. com/faq/index. html. http://www. safefoodonline. com/news/n_190302. asp Monster energy [http://www. monsterenergy. com/product/energy. php] www. fda. gov. . Energy drinks Essay Energy drinks are beverages that can be used to supplement energy and concentration. It contains several ingredients, some good others bad. They contain ingredients such as caffeine, guarana, taurine and many more. Usually they are beneficial, but when taken in large amounts; some ingredients can cause unwelcome side effects. Many people consume energy drinks for enjoyment and the extra kick of energy for the day, but they are not aware of the hidden ingredients that can cause illness. In my opinion I believe that energy drinks are dangerous because they can cause illness, children and teenagers will be affected by the drink and the horrible side effects. The packaging of energy drink might convince you that it is are fine to drink but most of us are unaware of the hidden dangers. Those dangers can put anyone at risk of illness. Energy drinks contain high amounts of sugar similar to soft drink but energy drinks also contain high amounts of caffeine and taurine. Taurine is an amino acid that your body naturally produces. It helps regulate heartbeat, muscle contractions, and energy levels. But when there is too much taurine in our bodies, it can make some body parts overactive, like platelets. Platelets are found in the blood stream and they are very important to the body. They help to clot blood when there is a cut. The sugar makes the platelets overactive which makes them stick together and cause blood clots. This increase risk of heart related disease. In the US a small was conducted, they found that there is a link between the consumption of energy drinks and heart disease or high blood pressure. The researchers found healthy adults who drank two cans of a popular energy drink a day had above normal blood pressure and heart rate. Not only does it affect us both physical and mentally, it can affect children and teens who consume energy drinks. Children and teenagers don’t know what they are consuming and the affect it has on the body. You may see children or teens consuming energy drinks at sporting events instead of sport drinks, to boost energy levels. We may think that energy drinks and sports drinks are the same, but they’re not. Sport drinks provide only carbohydrate and salts to replace those lost in sweat, whilst energy drinks give temporary boost of energy. This may not sound bad but it will affect them over the long term. Like a child suffering with diabetes should not continue drinking energy drinks because the sugars in them can cause an imbalance of insulin. Even the Daily Telegraph thinks that energy drinks are unsafe because it can link to severe illness. The Daily Telegraph has reported â€Å"Energy drinks could be dangerous for children and teenagers,† The newspaper said that the use of high-caffeine drinks has been linked to â€Å"seizures, mania, stroke and sudden death†. Energy drinks can effect children and teenagers and also give people terrible side effects. Some people are not aware that energy drinks can give awful side effects after consumption. There are many side effects that can occur after drinking like vomiting, nausea, and hallucinations. Many ingredients inside energy drinks cause some people allergy reactions. There are many effects that can make people gain weight like people who don’t exercise. The mayo clinic says â€Å"that sugar intake has a direct correlation with weight gain, especially for people who don’t exercise. † But it can get worse, if energy drinks are drank with alcohol, it can make you pass out or get seriously hurt. Energy can drinks can make people sick from the dreadful side effects. However energy drinks create enjoyment among people, it has good taste and contains some good vitamins and herbs like vitamin B, ginseng, ginkgo Biloba and Antioxidants which are good for the body. To finish like to say that we should reconsider drinking energy because they can cause illness, young people will be affected and they can give people terrible side effects.

Theories on Motivation Essay - 1645 Words

Introduction: Motivation can be defined as the inner power or drive that pushes one towards taking a particular course of action. It is much related to desire and ambition and they all work in tandem (Sasson, 2001). Motivation is influenced or caused by factors known as motivators. According to Sigmund Freud, we are compelled to act by unconscious forces within us, which he called our id (Hofstede, 1980). Motivators are either intrinsic (from within) or extrinsic (from without). Intrinsic motivational factors refer to motivators that come from within an individual. They are not influenced by external factors. This kind of motivation comes about as a result of self actualisation or fulfilling one’s personal goals. Malone and Lepper†¦show more content†¦Maslow categorises human needs into five main areas shaped in a pyramid form, which are attained in a hierarchical manner. According to Maslow (1943), lower needs take precedence and must be fulfilled before higher level needs are activated. Thus, individuals progress from the bottom of the pyramid of needs to the top. Maslow’s work has been markedly criticised for its failure to take into account individual differences and cultures. Wahba and Bridgewell (1976) find very little evidence of the ranking of human needs as described by Maslow or even the existence of a definite hierarchy of needs at all. On another front, Hofstede (1984) criticises Maslow’s work for being ethnocentric as it is based on an experiment on a limited sample population in the U.S.A and cannot be extrapolated to describe a universal situation. Alderfer’s Existence, Relatedness and Growth Theory: Alderfer (1969) distinguishes three categories of human needs that influence individual behaviours, which are Existence needs, Relatedness needs and Growth needs. His work can be seen as a more compact form of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. However, he contrasts with Maslow’s theory in that the human needs he identified are not in anyway attained hierarchically nor do all individuals have to go through the same process to attain their needs. Furthermore, Alderfer proposes the frustration-regressionShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Motivation And Motivation Theories1493 Words   |  6 Pagesextent, needs of theories of motivation are still relevant to contemporary management practice. Theories of motivation are important as it helps managers to understand their employees’ needs of motivations, and to motivate their employees to perform and excel better. There are several motivation theories; this essay will briefly explain six major theories of motivation and discuss thr ee of the theories in more detail. 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